Charges & Polarisation
Charges, ok, Im pretty sure most of you know the two charges. Positive and Negative charges! These two charges attract one another, but like charges (2 positives/negatives) repel. When the charges connect/complete the circuit, a flash, noise, and heat is given off, like lightning. Here we learned that and Coulomb's Law which is Force is equal to K(constant)*charge 1*charge 2 all over the distance between the charges squared.
Polarisation is when in an object the positive and negative charges are neutral but separated from one another. This is how water is attracted to a rubbed pole or how our hair sticks up when we rub a balloon on it. The actual reason is the balloon and cloth rubbing the pole is stealing, through friction, our electrons. When the balloon is pulled close to a wall or our hair it attracts the positive charges and sticks.
Another way to steal electrons or charges is through inductions, which is not even touching the object.
Electric Fields
An electric field is when an object emits either a repel or pulling in force. The arrows you see in this next picture show where positively charged charges go from the certain particle.
Shields can help too. Appliances are not supposed to get more than one type of charge or else it will be ruin. This is why we put our appliances in a metal covering. Metal is neutrally charged and has property that takes in a charge to balance it out. This is known as an electric shield.
Electric Potential & Capacitors
Alright, Now into some more information about equations, but first let me tell you what electric potential is. Electric potential is potential energy over charge, this is also known as volts and is measured in volts. Difference in this is going from high to low just by subtracting the low FROM the high volt. If there is a high difference there can be a shock and if you are causing the connection from high to low, lets just say shock.
Capacitors are what cause flashes and other useful tasks most of our appliances use/perform. It's two plates that are charged timely and when you press the button for the picture or flash, causes the plates to touch and a flash happens. This is again the attraction of like charges.
Now we get into Ohm's law which is Current (I)= Voltage(V)/Resistance(R)
We can calculate any of the three if we have enough info.
Current
There are two types of current: Direct Current and Alternating Current. DC is when the current flows in one direction while AC current is go back and forth. It's funny because the electrical company doesn't supply us electricity or voltage, they supply us with current.
Circuits
Like current there are two types of circuit: parallel and series. Parallel are where each appliance is wired directly to power/voltage source while series is where everything is connected in one line. When one appliance turns off or is taken out of a series line, the rest following it from high to low are turned off. In a parallel circuit, this doesn't happen, they all stay on.
Fuses, they help prevent fire. You can put them at the very beginning of parallel circuit or ending, never in a series circuit. When too much current is going through them they completely break and cause the whole circuit to turn off, which prevents fire.
